Our lessons are drawn from these books. Every one is old enough to be in the public domain in the UK, so you can read the sources for yourself — free scans are on the Internet Archive.
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READING PATHS
Read them in order, or dip in
Begin with the magicians
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Four readable books by practitioners who explain their own methods. Good company for the lessons.
Attributed to Hermes Trismegistus · 2nd–3rd c. CE; Latin by Ficino 1471; English by Everard 1650
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Seventeen short Greek dialogues on God as Mind, the soul's descent and ascent, and knowledge as salvation. The opening 'Poimandres' is a visionary account of creation.
Read it for · The philosophical root of Western esotericism. Start with Book I (Poimandres) and Book XIII.
G.R.S. Mead's 1906 translation (Thrice-Greatest Hermes) is a readable public-domain version.
The encyclopaedia of Renaissance magic: natural magic (Book I), celestial magic and number (Book II), ceremonial and divine magic (Book III). Source of the planetary squares and countless correspondences.
Read it for · Reference. Dip into Book I on sympathies and Book II on the planets and magic squares.
Plotinus · c. 270 CE; English by Stephen MacKenna 1917–1930
Reference
The founding texts of Neoplatonism: the One, Mind and Soul, the soul's descent into the body and its return by contemplation. Treatise IV.4 explains magic as sympathy within a living cosmos.
Read it for · The philosophy beneath Renaissance magic. Start with I.6 'On Beauty' and IV.4 on sympathy and magic.
MacKenna's translation is public domain in the UK.
Attributed to Julian the Theurgist · 2nd c. CE; English by Thomas Taylor 1797 and W. Wynn Westcott 1895
Reference
Fragments of a lost oracular poem prized by the later Platonists, describing the Father, the fiery intellect and the ascent of the soul through theurgy.
Read it for · Short, cryptic verses at the root of theurgy. Westcott's edition is the Golden Dawn's own.
Anonymous; trans. W. Wynn Westcott · c. 2nd–6th c. CE; English 1887
Reference
The 'Book of Formation': creation through the ten sephiroth and the twenty-two letters of the Hebrew alphabet — mothers, doubles and simples. The seed of the Tree of Life.
Read it for · The letter attributions behind the Tree's paths and the tarot trumps. Very short.
A physician-philosopher's guide to health for scholars. Book III, 'On obtaining life from the heavens', teaches drawing planetary influence through music, images, scents and colours.
Read it for · The birth of Renaissance astral magic. Book III.
Complete English translations are modern and in copyright; the Latin is public domain.
Jacob Boehme · 1622; English by John Ellistone 1651
Deeper study
The cobbler-mystic of Görlitz on how every thing bears the outward 'signature' of its inner nature — a key text for the doctrine of signatures and correspondence.
Read it for · Thinking in correspondences, from a visionary rather than a scholar.
The Hermetic and Alchemical Writings of Paracelsus
Paracelsus; ed. A.E. Waite · 16th c.; English 1894
Reference
Two volumes of treatises by the rebel physician who made alchemy serve medicine: the tria prima of salt, sulphur and mercury, elemental spirits, and the archidoxes.
Read it for · Alchemy as medicine and nature-philosophy. Dip in rather than read straight through.
A sweeping survey of Jewish and Christian Kabbalah, from the Zohar and Sefer Yetzirah to the Christian Cabala of the Renaissance, with the Tree of Life and its correspondences.
Read it for · A clear, opinionated overview of the whole Qabalistic tradition, written by a Golden Dawn member.
Waite died in 1942, so the book is public domain in the UK. Some of his conclusions are dated.
Dee's short, dense treatise on a single glyph that combines the signs of the planets and elements into one symbol, read as a map of the cosmos and of the soul.
Read it for · The origin of the magician's love of compound symbols, and of Dee's mathematical mysticism.
Written in Latin. The seventeenth-century English commentaries are also out of copyright.
Utriusque Cosmi Historia (Macrocosm and Microcosm)New
Robert Fludd · 1617–1621; Latin
Reference
Fludd's great illustrated work on the two worlds, the greater and the lesser, with engravings of the mystic cosmos, the sephiroth and the anatomy of the soul.
Read it for · The most beautiful picture-book of Renaissance cosmology, and the link between medicine and magic.
The plates are the main attraction. Facsimiles of the engravings are widely available.
A richly engraved Hermetic and alchemical work, showing the Temple of Eternal Wisdom and the laboratory of the true philosopher, with the stages of the Great Work.
Read it for · The images of alchemical and Christian Hermetic mysticism, in one of the most striking books of its age.
Written in Latin and German. Facsimile plates are widely available.
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola · 1486 (Latin); English translations from the 19th century
Deeper study
The Renaissance manifesto of human freedom and dignity, which draws on Hermetic, Kabbalistic and Platonic sources and sets out why the magus can reach toward the divine.
Read it for · The intellectual climate that made Renaissance magic respectable, in a short and beautiful text.
Pico died in 1494. Choose a public-domain English translation and check its edition.
An anthology of English alchemical treatises and verse, including the works of George Ripley and Thomas Norton, edited by the founder of the Ashmolean Museum.
Read it for · The English alchemical tradition in verse and prose, in one edition.
Ashmole died in 1692. Scans of the 1652 edition are public domain.
A witty dialogue in which a mysterious count reveals the secret of the elemental peoples — sylphs, gnomes, undines and salamanders — and how sages may wed them. Probably satire, but it spread Paracelsus' elementals across Europe.
Read it for · The elementals as the 17th and 18th centuries imagined them, and the source of Pope's sylphs.
Anonymous (falsely attributed to al-Majrīṭī) · Arabic c. 11th c.; Latin c. 1256
Reference
The great manual of astral magic: making talismans at the right astrological moment, planetary prayers and the theory of drawing celestial spirit into images.
Read it for · Planetary and talismanic magic at its source.
Complete English translations are modern and in copyright; scans of the Latin and Arabic texts are public domain.
The Book of the Sacred Magic of Abramelin the Mage
Attributed to Abraham of Worms; trans. Mathers · 15th c. (as claimed); English 1898
Deeper study
A single great operation of prayer and seclusion to attain the Knowledge and Conversation of the Holy Guardian Angel, followed by magic squares for many purposes.
Read it for · The idea of the Holy Guardian Angel and a model of sustained devotional practice.
Attributed to Agrippa; trans. Robert Turner · 1559; English 1655
Deeper study
A practical sequel to Agrippa's Three Books, which his pupil Weyer called a forgery. Turner's English edition bundles it with the Heptameron, the Arbatel and treatises on geomancy.
Read it for · Making spirit seals from names, and the 17th-century English magician's working library.
A handsome English compendium of natural magic, talismans, Qabalah and ceremonial magic, compiled largely from Agrippa and the Fourth Book, with coloured plates of demon heads.
Read it for · How the old magic reached English readers before the Victorian revival.
A critical survey of the grimoires — the Grimorium Verum, Grand Grimoire, Red Dragon, Black Pullet and more — with long extracts. Waite disapproves, but documents everything.
Read it for · Reading the 'black' grimoires in one place, with a sceptical guide.
Anonymous; ed. Johann Scheible · German 1849; English 1880
Deeper study
Seals and conjurations claimed to be Moses' secret books. Cheap American printings made it a staple of Pennsylvania Dutch powwow, hoodoo and Caribbean folk magic.
Read it for · How a German grimoire became folk magic across the Americas.
Twenty books of 'natural magic' — the hidden powers of nature — covering plants, perfumes, magnets, optics, cookery and tricks. The first edition printed recipes for witches' flying ointments.
Read it for · How the Renaissance blurred magic and experimental science.
Attributed to Honorius of Thebes · c. 14th–15th c.; Latin
Reference
A medieval Latin grimoire of ritual prayers, angel-invocations and the consecration of the magician's tools, bound by an oath to keep its secrets, and an ancestor of the Key of Solomon.
Read it for · The medieval root of the ceremonial grimoires, read beside the Key of Solomon and the Ars Notoria tradition.
Attributions to Honorius are legendary. Use the Latin text or a public-domain edition, and check the translation you choose.
A seventeenth-century English defence of magic as an ancient and natural art, going back to Adam, with discussions of the sympathies, the spirits and the lore of the Egyptians and Chaldeans.
Read it for · How an English writer of the 1650s justified magic, and which authorities he called on.
A seventeenth-century text, long out of copyright. Read it critically: many of its authorities are doubtful.
Der lange verborgene Freund (The Long Lost Friend)New
John George Hohman · 1820 (German); English editions later, as Pow-Wows
Start here
A Pennsylvania German collection of charms, prayers, cures and folk remedies, used for healing, protection, the finding of lost things and the control of animals.
Read it for · The folk grimoire of the American countryside: how charms and remedies were actually written down and passed on.
Read the German or a public-domain English edition, and treat its medical advice with caution. Ask a doctor about any health claim.
Attributed to Albertus Magnus · 13th c. attributed; English versions from the 1600s
Deeper study
A medieval compilation of 'secrets' of nature: the virtues of stones, herbs and animals, household recipes, and the marvels of sympathetic magic, attributed to the great scholastic philosopher.
Read it for · The natural-magic side of the grimoires, the source of many herb and stone virtues repeated later.
The attribution to Albertus is doubtful. Many editions are old and out of copyright; check each one.
Attributed to Solomon (Robert Turner, translator) · Latin: medieval; Turner's English 1657
Reference
The Ars Notoria, a medieval method of prayers, notae (mystical drawings) and repeated invocations said to give swift learning of the liberal arts and sciences, here in Robert Turner's seventeenth-century English translation.
Read it for · The study-magic of the grimoires: how memory and learning were pursued through ritual, and the notae that make the text distinctive.
Turner's 1657 translation is public domain, but it omits the notae drawings, which are the heart of the art. Joseph Peterson's online edition and Matthias Castle's 2023 translation are in copyright, so do not use them as a public-domain source.
C.W. Goodwin (ed. and trans.) · 4th-c. papyrus; English 1852
Deeper study
The first English edition of spells from the Greek magical papyri in the British Museum, including the rite of the Headless One that became the Golden Dawn's Bornless Ritual.
Read it for · The Headless Rite in its earliest English form, to compare with the Golden Dawn and Crowley versions.
Attributed to Enoch · 3rd–1st c. BCE; complete only in Ge'ez; English by R.H. Charles 1912
Reference
Jewish visionary writings. The opening Book of the Watchers tells how two hundred angels fell, taught humanity forbidden arts and fathered the giants whose spirits became demons.
Read it for · Chapters 6–16, the root of Western ideas about fallen angels. Enoch's heavenly journeys follow.
Charles' 1912 translation and Richard Laurence's of 1821 are both public domain.
Anonymous · Greek, c. 1st–5th c. CE; English by F.C. Conybeare 1898
Reference
Solomon receives a ring from the archangel Michael and makes demon after demon confess its name, its work and the angel that defeats it, while they labour on the Temple.
Read it for · The ancestor of every grimoire's spirit list. Short and strange.
Conybeare's translation was published in the Jewish Quarterly Review (1898).
Johann Weyer · 1577; English in Scot's Discoverie of Witchcraft 1584
Reference
A catalogue of 69 demons with their ranks, legions and powers, printed by a physician to expose the magicians — and soon the main source of the Goetia.
Read it for · Comparing with the Goetia's 72. Read it in Scot's English translation.
J.A.S. Collin de Plancy · 1818; illustrated edition 1863
Reference
An alphabetical encyclopaedia of demons, spirits and superstitions. Louis Le Breton's engravings for the 1863 edition created the popular images of Baal, Asmodeus and the rest.
Read it for · The pictures, even if you don't read French.
In French. The 1863 engravings are public domain and widely reproduced.
Anonymous (translated by R. H. Charles) · 2nd c. BCE; English 1902
Reference
A Jewish retelling of Genesis and Exodus with an account of the fallen Watchers and the demons that followed them, central to later ideas about the origin of evil spirits.
Read it for · The early source of the fallen-angel stories that the grimoires and Enoch tradition later developed.
Charles died in 1936, so his translation is public domain in the UK.
Dante Alighieri (English by Henry Francis Cary, 1814) · c. 1308–1321; Cary's English 1814
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Dante's journey through Hell, Purgatory and Paradise, guided by Virgil and Beatrice, with the demons of the lower pit, the angelic orders of the heavens and the vision of God at the end.
Read it for · The most influential Western picture of demons, angels and the afterlife, and a readable introduction to the medieval cosmos.
Cary's translation is public domain. Dante died in 1321.
Swedenborg's report of years of conversation with angels and spirits, describing the heavens, the hells and the states of the soul after death, arranged by subject.
Read it for · The eighteenth-century source of many modern ideas about the afterlife, angels and spirit-contact.
Swedenborg died in 1772, so the English translation is public domain.
Blake's prose-poem of 'Proverbs of Hell', 'Memorable Fancies' and a visionary dialogue with an angel, which turns conventional ideas of good and evil upside down.
Read it for · A poetic challenge to the ideas of angels and devils, and a mirror of the visionary tradition.
Blake died in 1827. Facsimiles of his illuminated pages are public domain.
Johannes Trithemius · written 1499–1500; printed 1606
Reference
A Renaissance treatise on secret writing that also lists angelic intelligences and the hours and names used to call them, for which it was later notorious.
Read it for · The origin of many angel-calling tables later used in the grimoires, with the cipher ideas attached.
Trithemius died in 1516. The occult sections are the part most read today.
Mather's account of the Salem witch trials, presenting the accused as agents of Satan and describing the spiritual warfare he saw in the afflictions of the community.
Read it for · A primary source on demonic belief in colonial New England, and the discernment that the trials lacked.
Mather died in 1728. Read it critically: it is an argument for the trials, not a neutral record.
The first great astrology textbook in English, by the most famous astrologer of the Civil War. Its heart is horary: answering a question from a chart cast for the moment it is asked.
Read it for · Horary astrology and the planets' significations. Book I teaches the basics.
Artemidorus of Daldis · 2nd c. CE; English versions from 1606
Deeper study
The ancient world's dream manual, built from thousands of dreams the author collected, with the insight that a symbol's meaning depends on the dreamer's life.
Read it for · Dream interpretation before Freud. Book I lays out the method.
The best-known palmistry book of its age, by the society palmist who read for the famous: the hand's shape, the mounts of the planets and the lines, with many drawings.
Read it for · Classic palmistry in full, and a window on the Victorian fashion for it.
Georgius Agricola; trans. Herbert and Lou Hoover · 1556; English 1912
Reference
The great Renaissance book of mining and metallurgy, with its famous woodcut of miners dowsing for ore with forked twigs — and Agricola's own doubts about the rod.
Read it for · Book II, on dowsing: the earliest detailed account, from a sceptical expert.
The Hoovers' translation was made by the future US President and his wife.
Hymns, blessings, charms and incantations collected from Gaelic speakers in the Scottish Highlands and Islands — for milking, smooring the fire, healing, protection and journeys.
Read it for · Living folk charms and the blessings of hearth and home.
John Gerard · 1597; revised by Thomas Johnson 1633
Reference
The great Elizabethan English herbal: over a thousand plants with woodcuts, uses and lore — including Gerard's scornful debunking of the shrieking mandrake.
Read it for · Plant lore in Shakespeare's English, and the woodcuts.
Tiffany's gem expert gathers the folklore of stones from every age: amulets, birthstones, the breastplate, crystal balls, planetary and zodiacal stones, and stones in medicine.
Read it for · The best single source on stone lore. Dip in by stone or by subject.
A classic collection of fairy beliefs from across Europe, from the elves and nixies of the North to the fairies of the British Isles, with stories and sources.
Read it for · The folk material behind modern fairy and otherworld lore, before it was made esoteric.
Pedanius Dioscorides · 1st c. CE; English from the Greek by John Goodyer (manuscript c. 1655)
Reference
The ancient Greek physician's herbal and pharmacopoeia, describing some six hundred plants and their uses, which shaped European herbal medicine for fifteen centuries.
Read it for · The source of many herbal uses and properties that later magic borrowed.
Goodyer's English was edited by R. T. Gunther in 1934 (The Greek Herbal of Dioscorides). Check the edition you use.
Lady Gregory's collection of the stories and beliefs of the people of Galway and Clare: fairies, the dead, healing and the charms that were still in use.
Read it for · Living folk belief, recorded with care, from the Irish countryside.
Gregory died in 1932, so the book is public domain in the UK.
Browne's 'Enquiries into Very Many Received Tenets', which tests popular beliefs about animals, plants, stones and the supernatural against reason and observation.
Read it for · A seventeenth-century sceptic's check on folk belief about herbs and stones, useful for critical reading.
Anonymous; trans. Henry Adams Bellows · Poems collected c. 1270; English 1923
Start here
The Old Norse poems of the gods and heroes, including Hávamál — Odin's wisdom, the winning of the runes and his eighteen charms — and Sigrdrífumál, where the valkyrie teaches the runes of victory, healing and speech.
Read it for · The primary source for Norse magic. Begin with Hávamál and Völuspá.
Bellows' 1923 translation is in the public domain and widely available.
Snorri Sturluson; trans. Arthur Gilchrist Brodeur · c. 1220; English 1916
Start here
An Icelandic chieftain's handbook of the myths, written two centuries after the conversion: the creation, the gods and goddesses, and the end of the world.
Read it for · The clearest retelling of Norse myth. Read it alongside the Poetic Edda.
Anonymous; trans. J. Sephton · 13th c.; English 1880
Deeper study
The saga of the Norse in Greenland and Vinland, with the fullest description of a seeress at work: her clothes, her staff, her high seat and the ward-songs sung for her.
Read it for · Chapter 4, the visit of Þorbjörg the little völva — the key text for seiðr.
Anonymous; trans. W.C. Green · 13th c.; English 1893
Deeper study
The life of the poet and rune-master Egill Skallagrímsson: the poisoned horn, the scorn-pole against a king, and the girl made ill by runes carved wrongly.
Read it for · Rune magic as the sagas imagined it — and Egill's warning about carving runes you cannot read.
A practical study of psychic attack, its signs and its remedies, written by a magician who believed she had suffered one. Much of its advice is plain good sense about rest, routine and boundaries.
Read it for · Before any work with spirits.
Fortune died in 1946, so the book is public domain in the UK; check before reproducing it elsewhere.
Aleister Crowley (received 1904) · 1904; first published 1938
Reference
The sacred text Crowley said was dictated to him in Cairo: the Law of Thelema, with its maxim "Do what thou wilt" and its doctrine of True Will.
Read it for · The foundation of Thelema, read alongside Magick in Theory and Practice.
Crowley died in 1947, so the text is public domain in the UK; check the rules where you live. Many editions carry commentary that is still in copyright.
A vast, combative defence of an "ancient wisdom" behind all religions and sciences, with long passages on Egyptian, Hermetic, Kabbalistic and Eastern magic.
Read it for · The book that launched the Theosophical movement, and much of the modern occult vocabulary.
Its claims about ancient sources are not historically reliable. Read it as a document of its time.
A Theosophical guide to the difference between the magic that serves the higher self and the magic that serves selfish desire, with warnings about its dangers.
Read it for · An early, plain-spoken discussion of ethics and safety in magic.
Hartmann died in 1912, so the book is public domain in the UK.
A novel of a Rosicrucian adept, his immortal companion and the trials of initiation, set in Naples and Paris, which influenced the Victorian occult imagination.
Read it for · Fiction, but a vivid picture of how nineteenth-century readers pictured an initiate's life.
A novel. Bulwer-Lytton died in 1873, so it is public domain in the UK.
Heindel's account of the cosmos in seven stages, the evolution of the soul and the path of the initiate, drawing on Rosicrucian and astrological teachings.
Read it for · A clear picture of the early twentieth-century Rosicrucian cosmology.
Heindel died in 1919, so the book is public domain in the UK.
Copyright rules differ between countries, and some modern translations of old texts are still in copyright. Check the edition before you copy or share anything.