Tacitus' Germans
described in the Germania, AD 98
Slips of a fruit-bearing tree, marked with signs, scattered on a white cloth and read three at a time.
- A branch cut from a fruit-bearing tree was sliced into slips, each marked with a sign, and thrown at random onto a white cloth.
- For a public question the priest of the community, and for a private one the father of the family, prayed to the gods, looked up to the sky and took up three slips one at a time, reading them by their marks.
- If the lots forbade it, there was no more asking about the same matter that day: the rule this tool keeps.
- Many have guessed that the marks were runes, but Tacitus does not say so, and the earliest runic inscriptions are some decades later.
WHERE IT DIFFERS The tool draws one lot from three; Tacitus' diviner read three together.
Sources: Tacitus, Germania 10