Cheshbon hanefesh, the accounting of the soul
Baḥya ibn Paquda, Duties of the Heart, about 1080
A reckoning of deeds and duties.
- Baḥya's Gate of Self-Examination asks for a regular accounting of what one has done and left undone, at the end of the day, the week or a longer period.
- Later Jewish ethical writers, and the Musar movement of the 19th century, gave self-reckoning a central place.
Sources: Jewish Encyclopedia, “Baḥya ben Joseph ibn Paḳuda”; Dafyomi.co.il, “Shaar Cheshbon HaNefesh”